As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.
Background References
1. Yang Q et al. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Investigation of Aqueous Humor from Patients with Coats\' Disease. PLoS One 11:e0158611 (2016).
2. Tomazic PV et al. Nasal mucus proteomic changes reflect altered immune responses and epithelial permeability in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133(3):741-50 (2014).
ICC staining Haptoglobin (green) in Hela cells. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
ICC staining Haptoglobin (green) in HepG2 cells. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat liver tissue using anti-Haptoglobin antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue using anti-Haptoglobin antibody. Counter stained with
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue using anti-Haptoglobin antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse liver tissue using anti-Haptoglobin antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Western blot analysis of Haptoglobin on Human plasma lysate with Rabbit anti-Haptoglobin antibody (M1510-37) at 1/4,000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 10 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: M1510-37, 1/4,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (HA1006), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 45.2 kDa Observed band size: 45 kDa
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