Carbohydrate-binding lectin with a preference for chitin. Has no chitinase activity. May play a role in tissue remodeling and in the capacity of cells to respond to and cope with changes in their environment. Plays a role in T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response and IL-13-induced inflammation, regulating allergen sensitization, inflammatory cell apoptosis, dendritic cell accumulation and M2 macrophage differentiation. Facilitates invasion of pathogenic enteric bacteria into colonic mucosa and lymphoid organs. Mediates activation of AKT1 signaling pathway and subsequent IL8 production in colonic epithelial cells. Regulates antibacterial responses in lung by contributing to macrophage bacterial killing, controlling bacterial dissemination and augmenting host tolerance. Also regulates hyperoxia-induced injury, inflammation and epithelial apoptosis in lung.
Background References
1. Connolly K et al. Potential role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer\'s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Jan
2. Yu JE et al. Significance of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Exp Mol Med. 2024 Feb
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
Tissue Specificity
Present in activated macrophages, articular chondrocytes, synovial cells as well as in liver. Very low or undetectable expression in non-inflammatory colon. Undetectable in muscle tissues, lung, pancreas, mononuclear cells, or fibroblasts.
Western blot analysis of YKL-40 / CHI3L1 on different lysates with Mouse anti-YKL-40 / CHI3L1 antibody (EM1902-31) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: THP-1 (Human acute monoblastic leukemia cell) cell lysate Lane 2: Jurkat (Human T-lymphoblastic cells) cell lysate Lane 3: U-87 MG (Human glioblastoma cell) cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1801
Jurkat is a negative control (PMID: 16472595).
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: EM1902-31, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (HA1006), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 43 kDa Observed band size: 40 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-YKL-40 / CHI3L1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (EM1902-31, 1/400) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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