In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase EC 2.3.3.10 is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. HMG-CoA is an intermediate in both cholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis. This reaction is overactivated in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 if left untreated, due to prolonged insulin deficiency and the exhaustion of substrates for gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle, notably oxaloacetate. This results in shunting of excess acetyl-CoA into the ketone synthesis pathway via HMG-CoA, leading to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. In humans, the protein is encoded by the HMGCS1 gene on chromosome 5.
Background References
1. Li K et al. CSN6-SPOP-HMGCS1 Axis Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via YAP1 Activation. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Apr
2. Zhang X et al. Compartmentalized activities of HMGCS1 control cervical cancer radiosensitivity. Cell Signal. 2023 Jan
Western blot analysis of HMGCS1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-HMGCS1 antibody (HA722997) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HepG2 cell lysate Lane 2: MCF7 cell lysate Lane 3: HT-29 cell lysate Lane 4: A549 cell lysate Lane 5: COS-1 cell lysate Lane 6: C2C12 cell lysate Lane 7: NIH/3T3 cell lysate Lane 8: C6 cell lysate Lane 9: PC-12 cell lysate Lane 10: Rat liver tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 57 kDa Observed band size: 55 kDa
Exposure time: 10 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722997) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
HMGCS1 was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg HT-29 cell lysate with HA722997 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA722997 at 1/1,000 dilution. Mouse Anti-Rabbit IgG kappa light chain secondary antibody (M1208-2) at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: HT-29 cell lysate (input) Lane 2: HA722997 IP in HT-29 cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of HA722997 in HT-29 cell lysate