There are two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) that are found in the brain: GAD-65 (also known as GAD2) and GAD-67 (also known as GAD1, GAD or SCP). GAD-65 and GAD-67 are members of the group II decarboxylase family of proteins and are responsible for catalyzing the rate limiting step in the production of GABA (g-aminobutyric acid) from L-glutamic acid. Although both GADs are found in the brain, GAD-65 localizes to synaptic vesicle membranes in nerve terminals, while GAD-67 is distributed throughout the cell. GAD-67 is responsible for the basal levels of GABA synthesis. In the case of a heightened demand for GABA in neurotransmission, GAD-65 will transiently activate to assist in GABA production. The loss of GAD-65 is detrimental and can impair GABA neurotransmission, however the loss of GAD-67 is lethal. Due to alternative splicing, two isoforms exist for GAD-67, the predominant GAD-67 form and the minor GAD-25 form. GAD-25 is not expressed in brain but can be found in a variety of endocrine tissues.
Background References
1. Li JT et al. Repeated Blockade of NMDA Receptors During Adolescence Impairs Reversal Learning and Disrupts GABAergic Interneurons in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 9:17 (2016).
2. Fu Q et al. MHC-I promotes apoptosis of GABAergic interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn and contributes to cancer induced bone pain. Exp Neurol 286:12-20 (2016).
mIHC analysis of mouse cerebellum tissue (paraffin-embedded) with GAD67 (HA724362, 1/1,000), QKI (HA601377, 1/500) and CNPase (ET1702-46, 1/2,000).
The immunostaining was performed with the IRISKitCmTSA Kit (900802). DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear counter stain. Image acquisition was performed with Olympus VS200 Slide Scanner.
mIHC analysis of rat cerebellum tissue (paraffin-embedded) with GAD67 (HA724362, 1/1,000), QKI (HA601377, 1/500) and CNPase (ET1702-46, 1/2,000).
The immunostaining was performed with the IRISKitCmTSA Kit (900802). DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear counter stain. Image acquisition was performed with Olympus VS200 Slide Scanner.
Wash buffer: 1× TBST
Endogenous peroxidase blocking: 3% H₂O₂, 10 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 10 minutes at room temperature.
Primary antibody: HA724362, 1/1,000, 1 hour at room temperature.
Secondary antibody: HA1119, 20 minutes at room temperature.
☑ Relative expression (RE)
Western blot analysis of GAD67 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-GAD67 antibody (HA724362) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Mouse brain tissue lysate
Lane 2: Mouse liver tissue lysate (negative)
Lane 3: Rat brain tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1802
Mouse liver is a negative control (PMID: 33968199).
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Primary antibody: HA724362, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 °C
Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 67 kDa
Observed band size: 67 kDa
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